{"id":7692,"date":"2025-12-22T14:13:08","date_gmt":"2025-12-22T06:13:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/?page_id=7692"},"modified":"2025-12-22T14:13:08","modified_gmt":"2025-12-22T06:13:08","slug":"astm-d689","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/standards\/astm-d689\/","title":{"rendered":"ASTM D689"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">ASTM D689<br \/>\n<small>\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd<\/small><\/h1>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"334\" data-end=\"848\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-7697\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/ASTM-D689-271x300.webp\" alt=\"ASTM D689\" width=\"153\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/ASTM-D689-271x300.webp 271w, https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/ASTM-D689-11x12.webp 11w, https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/ASTM-D689.webp 385w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 153px) 100vw, 153px\" \/><\/a>\u03a4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"338\" data-end=\"366\">\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong> \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf, \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae \u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"850\" data-end=\"1010\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689 \u03c9\u03c2 <strong data-start=\"889\" data-end=\"906\">\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"1017\" data-end=\"1093\">ASTM D689: \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 Elmendorf<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1095\" data-end=\"1533\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 <strong data-start=\"1117\" data-end=\"1140\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Elmendorf. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 <strong data-start=\"1230\" data-end=\"1255\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf Elmendorf<\/strong> \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1535\" data-end=\"1726\">\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 ISO 1974 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 TAPPI T414, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"1733\" data-end=\"1766\">\u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 ASTM D689<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1768\" data-end=\"1976\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 <strong data-start=\"1796\" data-end=\"1810\">\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae. \u039f \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1978\" data-end=\"2015\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2016\" data-end=\"2302\">\n<li data-start=\"2016\" data-end=\"2076\">\n<p data-start=\"2018\" data-end=\"2076\">\u0399\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2077\" data-end=\"2138\">\n<p data-start=\"2079\" data-end=\"2138\">\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2139\" data-end=\"2205\">\n<p data-start=\"2141\" data-end=\"2205\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2206\" data-end=\"2302\">\n<p data-start=\"2208\" data-end=\"2302\">\u0395\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2304\" data-end=\"2438\">\u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae ASTM D689 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2445\" data-end=\"2505\">\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 ASTM D689 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2507\" data-end=\"2765\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd. \u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2767\" data-end=\"2810\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2811\" data-end=\"2988\">\n<li data-start=\"2811\" data-end=\"2844\">\n<p data-start=\"2813\" data-end=\"2844\">\u03a4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2845\" data-end=\"2894\">\n<p data-start=\"2847\" data-end=\"2894\">\u0391\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2895\" data-end=\"2939\">\n<p data-start=\"2897\" data-end=\"2939\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2940\" data-end=\"2988\">\n<p data-start=\"2942\" data-end=\"2988\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2990\" data-end=\"3163\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 ASTM D689 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"3170\" data-end=\"3213\">\u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3215\" data-end=\"3450\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 <strong data-start=\"3285\" data-end=\"3308\">\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong> \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae. \u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3452\" data-end=\"3764\">\u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"4447\" data-end=\"4502\">\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"4504\" data-end=\"4630\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4631\" data-end=\"4792\">\n<li data-start=\"4631\" data-end=\"4662\">\n<p data-start=\"4633\" data-end=\"4662\">\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4663\" data-end=\"4696\">\n<p data-start=\"4665\" data-end=\"4696\">\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4697\" data-end=\"4732\">\n<p data-start=\"4699\" data-end=\"4732\">\u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4733\" data-end=\"4792\">\n<p data-start=\"4735\" data-end=\"4792\">\u0395\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4794\" data-end=\"4956\">\u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"4963\" data-end=\"5021\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b7\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/%cf%80%cf%81%ce%bf%cf%8a%cf%8c%ce%bd\/sld-01-elimendorf-tear-resistance-testing-machine\/\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-7698 alignright\" style=\"font-weight: inherit;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/paper-tear-test-300x120.webp\" alt=\"\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\" width=\"373\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/paper-tear-test-300x120.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/paper-tear-test-768x307.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/paper-tear-test-18x7.webp 18w, https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/paper-tear-test-600x240.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/paper-tear-test.webp 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 373px) 100vw, 373px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0391\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 Elmendorf, \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5280\" data-end=\"5594\">\u03a4\u03bf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/%cf%80%cf%81%ce%bf%cf%8a%cf%8c%ce%bd\/sld-01-elimendorf-tear-resistance-testing-machine\/\"><strong data-start=\"5284\" data-end=\"5323\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd Cell Instruments SLD-01<\/strong><\/a> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689, \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 ASTM D689, \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"5601\" data-end=\"5653\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"5655\" data-end=\"5949\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7. \u0395\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5951\" data-end=\"6162\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ae \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"147\" data-end=\"402\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"147\" data-end=\"402\"><strong data-start=\"147\" data-end=\"172\">1. \u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689;<\/strong><br data-start=\"172\" data-end=\"175\" \/>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <strong data-start=\"229\" data-end=\"257\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 <strong data-start=\"267\" data-end=\"301\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf Elmendorf<\/strong>. \u0391\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"320\" data-end=\"360\">\u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03ae<\/strong>, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"404\" data-end=\"632\"><strong data-start=\"404\" data-end=\"446\">2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd;<\/strong><br data-start=\"446\" data-end=\"449\" \/>A <strong data-start=\"451\" data-end=\"470\">\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"634\" data-end=\"900\"><strong data-start=\"634\" data-end=\"683\">3. \u03a4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac Elmendorf;<\/strong><br data-start=\"683\" data-end=\"686\" \/><strong data-start=\"686\" data-end=\"713\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf Elmendorf<\/strong> \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 <strong data-start=\"806\" data-end=\"846\">\u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03ae<\/strong>, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"902\" data-end=\"1118\"><strong data-start=\"902\" data-end=\"957\">4. \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689;<\/strong><br data-start=\"957\" data-end=\"960\" \/>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1120\" data-end=\"1434\"><strong data-start=\"1120\" data-end=\"1163\">5. \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae ASTM D689;<\/strong><br data-start=\"1163\" data-end=\"1166\" \/>\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 <strong data-start=\"1183\" data-end=\"1216\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 Elmendorf<\/strong>, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"1345\" data-end=\"1373\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong>. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ASTM D689 Paper Tear Test &nbsp; The paper tear strength test defined by ASTM D689 is a widely adopted standard for evaluating the resistance of paper to tearing once a crack or slit has been initiated. Rather than focusing on how paper breaks under tension, ASTM D689 emphasizes tear propagation behavior, which closely reflects real &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/standards\/astm-d689\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">ASTM D689<\/span> \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \"<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"parent":4948,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7692","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7692","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7692"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7692\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4948"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7692"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}