{"id":7678,"date":"2025-12-19T15:58:42","date_gmt":"2025-12-19T07:58:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/?page_id=7678"},"modified":"2025-12-19T16:09:07","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T08:09:07","slug":"trouser-tear-resistance-test","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/applications\/trouser-tear-resistance-test\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\" data-start=\"370\" data-end=\"882\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<br \/>\nASTM D1938<\/h1>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"439\" data-end=\"471\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong data-start=\"514\" data-end=\"562\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1. \u03a5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 <strong data-start=\"594\" data-end=\"608\">ASTM D1938<\/strong>, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cb\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 <strong data-start=\"821\" data-end=\"840\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae ASTM D1938<\/strong> \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <strong data-start=\"867\" data-end=\"886\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong>, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2 data-start=\"944\" data-end=\"1011\">ASTM D1938: \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ae\u03be\u03b7\u03c2<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1013\" data-end=\"1471\"><strong data-start=\"1013\" data-end=\"1027\">ASTM D1938<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong data-start=\"1076\" data-end=\"1107\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong data-start=\"1111\" data-end=\"1128\">\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 <strong data-start=\"1168\" data-end=\"1190\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0397 <strong data-start=\"1290\" data-end=\"1334\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c6\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong> \u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"1473\" data-end=\"1513\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd;<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1515\" data-end=\"2003\"><strong data-start=\"1515\" data-end=\"1546\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong> \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9. \u03a4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"1639\" data-end=\"1671\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"1720\" data-end=\"1737\">\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong data-start=\"1742\" data-end=\"1759\">\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf<\/strong>. \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c1\u03ae\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf <strong data-start=\"1875\" data-end=\"1894\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2005\" data-end=\"2047\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2: \u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2049\" data-end=\"2136\">\u03a4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"2053\" data-end=\"2074\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong> \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 <strong data-start=\"2116\" data-end=\"2135\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"2138\" data-end=\"3007\">\n<li data-start=\"2138\" data-end=\"2319\">\n<p data-start=\"2141\" data-end=\"2319\"><strong data-start=\"2141\" data-end=\"2165\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>: \u039a\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"2304\" data-end=\"2318\">ASTM D1938<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2324\" data-end=\"2485\">\n<p data-start=\"2327\" data-end=\"2485\"><strong data-start=\"2327\" data-end=\"2346\">\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong>: \u03a4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 <strong data-start=\"2392\" data-end=\"2436\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c6\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 50 mm (2 \u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2487\" data-end=\"2638\">\n<p data-start=\"2490\" data-end=\"2638\"><strong data-start=\"2490\" data-end=\"2511\">\u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>: \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (250 mm\/min), \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2640\" data-end=\"2805\">\n<p data-start=\"2643\" data-end=\"2805\"><strong data-start=\"2643\" data-end=\"2662\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong>: \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong data-start=\"2757\" data-end=\"2788\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2807\" data-end=\"3007\">\n<p data-start=\"2810\" data-end=\"3007\"><strong data-start=\"2810\" data-end=\"2828\">\u039f\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>: \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"3009\" data-end=\"3063\">\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3065\" data-end=\"3192\"><strong data-start=\"3065\" data-end=\"3084\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 <strong data-start=\"3112\" data-end=\"3129\">\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong data-start=\"3134\" data-end=\"3151\">\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf<\/strong> \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3194\" data-end=\"3723\">\n<li data-start=\"3194\" data-end=\"3398\">\n<p data-start=\"3196\" data-end=\"3398\"><strong data-start=\"3196\" data-end=\"3218\">\u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>: \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc. \u03a4\u03b1 <strong data-start=\"3307\" data-end=\"3339\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3399\" data-end=\"3572\">\n<p data-start=\"3401\" data-end=\"3572\"><strong data-start=\"3401\" data-end=\"3420\">\u0399\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong>: <strong data-start=\"3422\" data-end=\"3441\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3573\" data-end=\"3723\">\n<p data-start=\"3575\" data-end=\"3723\"><strong data-start=\"3575\" data-end=\"3587\">\u039a\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cb\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>: \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae <strong data-start=\"3655\" data-end=\"3674\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3725\" data-end=\"3903\">\u03a4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"3729\" data-end=\"3743\">ASTM D1938<\/strong> \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 <strong data-start=\"3839\" data-end=\"3870\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"3905\" data-end=\"3946\">\u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 ASTM D1938 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3948\" data-end=\"4102\">\u03a4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"3952\" data-end=\"3984\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong data-start=\"4062\" data-end=\"4079\">\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong data-start=\"4084\" data-end=\"4101\">\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4104\" data-end=\"4527\">\n<li data-start=\"4104\" data-end=\"4208\">\n<p data-start=\"4106\" data-end=\"4208\"><strong data-start=\"4106\" data-end=\"4119\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>: \u0395\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4209\" data-end=\"4380\">\n<p data-start=\"4211\" data-end=\"4380\"><strong data-start=\"4211\" data-end=\"4230\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>: \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4381\" data-end=\"4527\">\n<p data-start=\"4383\" data-end=\"4527\"><strong data-start=\"4383\" data-end=\"4403\">\u0399\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>: \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"4529\" data-end=\"4587\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D1938<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"4589\" data-end=\"5006\"><strong data-start=\"4589\" data-end=\"4603\">ASTM D1938<\/strong> \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong data-start=\"4651\" data-end=\"4682\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong data-start=\"4686\" data-end=\"4703\">\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ac \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03b3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 <strong data-start=\"4876\" data-end=\"4889\">ASTM D618<\/strong>, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"4899\" data-end=\"4922\">\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong> \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5008\" data-end=\"5215\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong data-start=\"5029\" data-end=\"5061\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"5217\" data-end=\"5284\">Cell Instruments: \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"5286\" data-end=\"5784\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"5289\" data-end=\"5309\">\u038c\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong>, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c7\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 <strong data-start=\"5339\" data-end=\"5367\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong data-start=\"5372\" data-end=\"5399\">\u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 <strong data-start=\"5417\" data-end=\"5431\">ASTM D1938<\/strong>. \u03a4\u03bf  \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 <strong data-start=\"5437\" data-end=\"5482\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c6\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong> \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong data-start=\"5515\" data-end=\"5546\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong>, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"5594\" data-end=\"5611\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong data-start=\"5615\" data-end=\"5632\">\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong data-start=\"5637\" data-end=\"5654\">\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf<\/strong>. \u0395\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cb\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"5286\" data-end=\"5784\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/?s=Tensile+tester\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-7681 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Trouser-Tear-Resistance-Test-for-Plastic-Films-ASTM-D1938-300x300.webp\" alt=\"\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 - ASTM D1938\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Trouser-Tear-Resistance-Test-for-Plastic-Films-ASTM-D1938-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Trouser-Tear-Resistance-Test-for-Plastic-Films-ASTM-D1938-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Trouser-Tear-Resistance-Test-for-Plastic-Films-ASTM-D1938-12x12.webp 12w, https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Trouser-Tear-Resistance-Test-for-Plastic-Films-ASTM-D1938-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Trouser-Tear-Resistance-Test-for-Plastic-Films-ASTM-D1938.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5801\" data-end=\"6373\">\u03a4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"5805\" data-end=\"5837\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <strong data-start=\"5852\" data-end=\"5866\">ASTM D1938<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong data-start=\"5907\" data-end=\"5938\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong data-start=\"5942\" data-end=\"5959\">\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong data-start=\"5964\" data-end=\"5981\">\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf<\/strong>. \u0391\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. <strong data-start=\"6180\" data-end=\"6200\">\u038c\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03ad\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"5801\" data-end=\"6373\">\u03a3\u03a5\u03a7\u039d\u0388\u03a3 \u0395\u03a1\u03a9\u03a4\u0389\u03a3\u0395\u0399\u03a3<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"170\"><strong data-start=\"106\" data-end=\"170\">\u0395\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 1: \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"172\" data-end=\"568\"><strong data-start=\"172\" data-end=\"178\">A1<\/strong>: The <strong data-start=\"184\" data-end=\"216\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong data-start=\"240\" data-end=\"271\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong data-start=\"275\" data-end=\"292\">\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf-\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cb\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"570\" data-end=\"573\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"575\" data-end=\"668\"><strong data-start=\"579\" data-end=\"668\">\u0395\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 2: \u03a3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 ASTM D1938 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"670\" data-end=\"1106\"><strong data-start=\"670\" data-end=\"676\">A2<\/strong>: <strong data-start=\"678\" data-end=\"692\">ASTM D1938<\/strong> \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"715\" data-end=\"737\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong> \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 <strong data-start=\"745\" data-end=\"789\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c6\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong> \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 <strong data-start=\"801\" data-end=\"832\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong>. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 1 mm \u03ae \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03c1\u03ae\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 <strong data-start=\"1065\" data-end=\"1078\">\u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong data-start=\"1083\" data-end=\"1094\">\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/strong> \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1108\" data-end=\"1111\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"1113\" data-end=\"1210\"><strong data-start=\"1117\" data-end=\"1210\">\u0395\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 3: \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1212\" data-end=\"1699\"><strong data-start=\"1212\" data-end=\"1218\">A3<\/strong>: \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <strong data-start=\"1239\" data-end=\"1271\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"1322\" data-end=\"1351\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong>, \u03c4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"1357\" data-end=\"1374\">\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"1384\" data-end=\"1415\">\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> (\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2). \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong data-start=\"1476\" data-end=\"1500\">\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong>, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 <strong data-start=\"1530\" data-end=\"1541\">\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"1543\" data-end=\"1553\">\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03ae <strong data-start=\"1558\" data-end=\"1567\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf. \u0397 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae <strong data-start=\"1609\" data-end=\"1625\">\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong data-start=\"1630\" data-end=\"1654\">\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1701\" data-end=\"1704\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"1706\" data-end=\"1785\"><strong data-start=\"1710\" data-end=\"1785\">\u0395\u03c1. 4: \u03a3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D1938;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1787\" data-end=\"2245\"><strong data-start=\"1787\" data-end=\"1793\">A4<\/strong>: <strong data-start=\"1795\" data-end=\"1809\">ASTM D1938<\/strong> \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"1849\" data-end=\"1880\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong data-start=\"1884\" data-end=\"1901\">\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 <strong data-start=\"1951\" data-end=\"1964\">\u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/strong> \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 <strong data-start=\"2073\" data-end=\"2084\">\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/strong> \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 <strong data-start=\"2098\" data-end=\"2119\">\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"2124\" data-end=\"2136\">\u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd <strong data-start=\"2173\" data-end=\"2183\">\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/strong> \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"2247\" data-end=\"2250\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"2252\" data-end=\"2337\"><strong data-start=\"2256\" data-end=\"2337\">\u0395\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 5: \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D1938 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2339\" data-end=\"2818\"><strong data-start=\"2339\" data-end=\"2345\">A5<\/strong>: \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 <strong data-start=\"2356\" data-end=\"2370\">ASTM D1938<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"2383\" data-end=\"2402\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, <strong data-start=\"2529\" data-end=\"2546\">\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong> \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 <strong data-start=\"2556\" data-end=\"2574\">\u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> \u03ae <strong data-start=\"2578\" data-end=\"2606\">\u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong> \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af. \u03a4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"2706\" data-end=\"2738\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"2820\" data-end=\"2823\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"2825\" data-end=\"2899\"><strong data-start=\"2829\" data-end=\"2899\">\u0395\u03c1. 6: \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 Cell Instruments \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D1938;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2901\" data-end=\"3394\"><strong data-start=\"2901\" data-end=\"2907\">A6<\/strong>: <strong data-start=\"2909\" data-end=\"2929\">\u038c\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 <strong data-start=\"2946\" data-end=\"2974\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong data-start=\"2979\" data-end=\"3006\">\u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 <strong data-start=\"3024\" data-end=\"3038\">ASTM D1938<\/strong>. \u03a4\u03bf  \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 <strong data-start=\"3044\" data-end=\"3089\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c6\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 <strong data-start=\"3138\" data-end=\"3169\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong>, \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"3204\" data-end=\"3221\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong data-start=\"3225\" data-end=\"3242\">\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong data-start=\"3247\" data-end=\"3264\">\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf<\/strong>. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trouser Tear Resistance Test for Plastic Films ASTM D1938 The Trouser Tear Resistance Test is an essential method for evaluating the tear propagation resistance of plastic films and thin sheeting. Governed by ASTM D1938, this standard test provides crucial data for industries that rely on the durability and performance of their plastic films, such as &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/applications\/trouser-tear-resistance-test\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/span> \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \"<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":6794,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7678","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7678","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7678"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7678\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6794"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qualitester.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}